Tuesday, November 15, 2016

Lanjutan Tugas Akhir Semester Ganjil kelas XII IPS

READING COMPREHENSION TEST 2


The sense of taste is one of a person's five senses. We taste with the help of taste-buds in the tongue.
There are four main kinds of taste: sweet, sour, salty, and bitter. All other tastes are just mixtures of two or more of these main types.
The surface of the tongue has more than fifteen thousand taste-buds (or cells). These are connected to the brain by special nerves which send the so-called 'tastes messages.
When the tongue comes into contact with food of any kind, the taste-buds will pick up the taste. The nerves then send a message to the brain. This will make us aware of the taste. All this happens in just a few seconds.
There are four kinds of taste-buds, each of which is sensitive to only a particular taste. These four groups are located in different parts of the tongue.
The taste-buds for salty and sweet tastes are found round the tip of the tongue and along its sides. Sour tastes can be picked up only at the sides of the tongue. The taste-buds of the bitter taste are found at the innermost edge of the tongue. There are taste-buds at the centre of the tongue.
The senses of smell and sight can affect taste. The good smell of food increases its taste. Similarly, attractive colours can make food appear tastier and more delicious. If food does not smell good or is dull-coloured, it will look tasty and may not taste good at all.
Very hot or cold sensations can make the taste-buds insensitive. Food that is too hot or too cold, when placed in the mouth, will have no tastes at all.

1.        The text is about .....
A.       the  explanation of the taste
B.        a report about the sense of taste
C.        the sience of the senses
D.       the information of how important the tongue is
E.        the description of  the use of the tongue
2.        We can taste any kind of food because of .......
A.       the good smell of food
B.       the four main kinds of taste
C.        the taste-buds in the tongue
D.       the senses of smell and sight
E.        the taste-buds round the tip of the tongue
3.        When we eat very hot or cold food ........
A.          the food will lose its taste
B.          the food won't smell good
C.          the taste of the food increases
D.          the taste-buds will be sensitive
E.          the taste-buds will be very, responsive
4.        The senses of smell and sight ........
A.     increase the taste of the food
B.     affect the taste of the food
C.      make food more delicious
D.     make the food look good
E.      make the food attractive


Toba Eruption

Approximately 74,000 years ago on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia , a volcanic eruption so violent occurred that it proved to be apocalyptic for the human race. Scientist estimate that the eruption may have ejected up to 6,000 km3 of magma pulverized rock and sufficient sulfur gases to form 5,000 megaton of stratospheric sulfuric acid aerosols. The suspension of so much material in the earth’s atmosphere resulted in a volcanic winter that lasted all year long, every year for several years .The severe drop in global temperature had catastrophic effect on vegetation and the food chain dependent upon it for survival-including humans.
Scientists have examined the genetic code of seemingly disparate and distance race of people and found there’s actually very little genetic variability in the entire human race. The evidence indicates that something happened to the human gene pool approximately 74,000 years ago where only very few humans remained alive on the planet (say 5,000 to 10,000), and the current population has grown from these selectively few genotypes. Our existence in such great number today (over 6 billion strong) is a testament to our tenacious ability to survive.


5.          What caused the disaster to the human race after the Toba eruption ?
A.       The severe drop in global temperature 
B.       The stratospheric sulfuric acid
C.        The sulfur gases
D.       The magma and the pulverized rock
E.        The eruption of the mountains Sumatra

6.          What was the most destructive impact of the Toba eruption around 74.000 year ago?
A.  The extinction of human race is Sumatra
B.  The extinction of vegetation and food chains
C.  Volcanic winter every year for several years
D.  The rain of stratospheric sulfuric acid
E.  The 6,000 km3 of magma covering the island of Sumatra

7.        We know from the text that . . . .
A.       The eruption was the reason for the very limited genetic variability in the entire  human race
B.       A new human race appeared after the extinction of humans 74.000 years ago
C.        Human beings were stronger that vegetation against the affect the effect the eruption
D.       The volcanic materials ejected by the eruption consisted of magma and pulverized rock
E.        The severe drops of sulfuric acid aerosols caused the volcanic


Beggars have become a big problem for us today. They come as street musicians, street boys, “sick” people, “lost” people, or just beggars. As their number is getting bigger, the municipal government feels the need to set a regulation to ban beggars. Many people support this.
They say that begging makes people lazy and bad survivors. They are like parasites. Criminals take advantage of their extistence. Car drivers are strong-armed in crossroads, motorbikes are seized, trucks are hijacked, etc. A man in a rural area takes them to the city with his truck in the morning and pick them up in the afternoon. They have made an agreement to share what they get. Some children are reported to have been kidnapped not for ransom. They are forced to be beggars.
Some people, however, say that we must help beggars. They become beggars because they have no choice. What they get everyday is only enough for buying food. Being a beggar is better than being a thief or a robber. So it is a high time to apply their religious teaching to care for others. In addition, what they do is to help the government to check crime-rates.
Despite the controversy of their existence, beggars continue to color the life of urban people.

8.          Where are beggars mostly found?
A.       In cities
B.       In rural areas
C.        In small towns
D.       In country sides
E.        In small villages
9.          Why do some people disagree to help beggars?
A.       They are rich
B.       They are not criminals
C.        They are mostly villagers
D.       They are lazy and bad survivors
E.        They only make use of their time
10.       What does the writer think about the man who transports beggars from their villages to the city?
A.       He is generous
B.       He is exploitative
C.        He is very helpful
D.       He is their protector
E.        He is doing business


A Brief Summary of Speech Production

Speech production is made possible by the specialized movements of our vocal organs that generate speech sounds waves.
Like all sound production, speech production requires a source of energy. The source of energy for speech production is the steady stream of air that comes from the lungs as we exhale. When we breathe normally, the air stream is inaudible. To become audible, the air stream must vibrate rapidly. The vocal cords cause the air stream to vibrate.
As we walk, the vocal cords open and close rapidly, chopping up the steady air stream into a series of puffs. These puffs are heard as a buzz. But this buzz is still not speech.
To produce speech sounds, the vocal tract must change shape. During speech we continually alter the shape of the vocal tract by moving the tongue and lips, etc. these movements change the acoustic properties of the vocal tract, which in turn produce the different sounds of speech.


11.     What does speech production need?
A.       Speech sounds waves                            
B.       Steady stream of air                              
C.        A source of energy
D.       The vocal cord
E.        Speech sounds

12.     What does the text mainly tell us about?
A.       what we need to produce sounds
B.       The steps to generate speech sounds waves
C.        The movement of our vocal organs
D.       The air stream is inaudible
E.        The process of making speech production

13.     What makes the air stream vibrate?
A.       The air we exhale                                  
B.       A series of puffs                                    
C.        The vocal cords
D.       The puffs
E.        A buzz

14.     Speech production is made possible by the specialized movements of our vocal organs that generate speech sounds waves.
             The synonym of the underlined word is ….
A.       Produce
B.       Make
C.        Create
D.       Cause
E.        Build



Will solar energy ever be a main source of energy for industrial societies? The solar energy is cheaper than any fossil fuel because we can get the abundant source of energy from the sun.
In sunny deserts, the sun’s radiation that reaches the ground can be used to produce electricity for industries and homes. In one of experiment, solar ponds can produce hot water to drive generators.
Unfortunately, we can’t power our homes entirely on sunlight. Solar energy can only be exploited in bright light. Its great potential, therefore, is in countries that have clear skies for most of the year. Most houses, however, arre not in the sunniest part of the world. In addition to convert sunlight directly into electricity, solar cells are needed. Although they are very cheap to run, relatively they are expensive to buy and many people can’t afford them.

15.     Which of the following can produce hot water to drive generators?
A.      solar car
B.      solar cells
C.       solar ponds
D.      solar heating
E.       solar batteries

16.     Which of the following statements does not agree with the text?
A.       solar energy can only be harnessed in bright sunlight
B.       The solar energy is cheaper than any other fossil fuel
C.        Solar energy is non-polluted
D.       Solar ponds produce hot water to drive generators
E.        The main important device to harness the solar energy is cheap

17.     From the text we know that ....
A.       Converting solar energy into electricity is expensive
B.       Solar energy generators can be found in most houses
C.        It is easy to convert solar energy into electricity
D.       The potential source of solar energy can only be found in desert areas
E.        Most of people in bright sunny areas use solar energy

A hot-air balloon is a very simple flying machine which can carry a small number of people through the air.
It consists of the balloon itself, known as the envelope, the hot air burner and the basket, which carries the people.
When the pilot wants to go up, he or she lights the burner which is above the passenger’s heads. The burner heats the air inside the envelope which blows up like a balloon. Because hot air rises, the air lifts the balloon up into the air where it is carried by the wind. If the pilot wants to come down, they simply turn down the burner so the air cools again. Hot air balloons will never take over from aero planes because they are difficult to control and carry only a few people. They are very beautiful, however, and are a popular hobby with some people.


18.     What makes paragraph 2 different from paragraph 3?
A.     Both paragraphs talk about the use of air balloon
B.     Paragraph 2 talks about parts of balloon while paragraph 3 tells about its functions.
C.     Paragraph 2 describes parts of balloon and paragraph 3 tells about how to make a balloon works
D.     Paragraph 2 describes parts of balloon and its function whereas paragraph 3 tells about its characteristics.
E.     Paragraph 2 talks about functions of balloon while paragraph 3 tells about how to make a balloon works
19.     What makes an air balloon goes up?
A.          The lights
B.          The hot air
C.          The burner
D.          The cold air
E.          The envelope
20.       “…, he or she lights the burner which is above the passenger’s heads.”
 The closest meaning of the underlined word is ….
A.       fire
B.       stove
C.        switch
D.       wood
E.        warmer

21.       What is the purpose of the text?
A.      To describe a hot-air balloon
B.  To inform about aero planes
C.  To tell about a hot-air balloon
D. To explain how a hot-air balloon works
E.     To present two points of view on airoplanes



There are many arguments in favor of a boarding school education. Nevertheless, the boarding school is not always the best education institution for everyone.
 At an early age interacting and communicating with people is very important for a child’s personal life and can be especially helpful for his/her future. In a boarding school, shy children can take advantage of interaction through communal activities. The boarding school is also offers a great variety of activities such as arts, sports, and music that allow children to demonstrate and develop specialized skills in their free time.
Furthermore, the structured way of life and strict rules at the boarding school may help students to get used to a well ordered way of life. The manners and social skill will help them to become more respponsible and confident, and to develop their talents in leadership. Professionally trained teachers and educators in the boarding school can offer excellent education without the parents’ constant supervision.
In spite of these good points, it is not advisable to send a child to a boarding school if she/he is a dependent learner. A boarding school usually demands that students learn independently. In addition, the boarding school should not be seen as a measure to solve inappropriate behaviour or unsatisfactory study performance. Iinstead of improving, problematic children may close off their peers and teachers.
In conclusion although a boarding school may provide good education to many children, it is not recommended for those who are strongly attached to their families. They may become frustated and socially isolated.


22.     According to the writer, children in a boarding school can develop specialized skills in ....
A.          Entrepreneurship
B.          Community service
C.          Reading
D.          Drama
E.          Music
23.     Parents send their children boarding school because ....
A.     It is good for shy children
B.     It gives good education for adult
C.     Interacting and communicating with people is very important
D.     It doesn’t allow children demonstrate excellence and develop their skills
E.     It is safe and makes children become responsible and develop talents in leadership
24.     From the text we can conclude that ....
A.     The boarding school can be very expensive
B.     There are good and bad boarding schools
C.     The boarding school is the solution to our educational problem
D.     It is not necessary to send children to a boarding school because the students can live independently
E.     Not everyone thinks that the boarding school is the best educational institution for childr


TO BIOENGINEER OR NOT TO BIOENGINEER

Bioengineering which is a process in which a set of genes from one plant is inserted into another plant is a hot topic for debate these days.
Those who are in favour of bioengineering could lead to bigger crop yields and “new and improved” fruits and make it possible to grow the most desirable crops. In addition, they look at bioengineering as a high-tech version of cross pollination, which happens naturally with certain types of plants.
However, those who are against bioengineering say that there may be dangers of genetically altered food. There is no telling what the long-term effects of bioengineering. Furthermore, they add that because it is difficult to control cross-pollination when genetically modified crops interbreed with conventional crops, there is also the risk that some of native or non modified species would be extinct.
We have no idea how bioengineering would impact not only the people who eat the crops, but also the wildlife that feeds on them and the environment as a whole.



25.     The text mainly discusses about....
A.       Bioengineering is new method in producing qualified plants and fruits
B.       The pro and contra of using bioengineering
C.        Bioengineering is not a new method in producing new and improved fruits
D.       Bioengineering is dangerous   
E.        Bioengineering can cause the extinction of some species

26.     What is the risk of bioengineering according to those who against it?
A.       Bioengineering produces good variety of crops
B.       Bioengineering creates a new species
C.        Bioengineering is very difficult to control
D.       Bioengineering needs a lot of money
E.        Bioengineering may cause the extinction of some species

27.     There is no telling what the long-term effects of bioengineering (Paragraph 3 ).The underlined word means...
A.       Impacts
B.       Disadvantages
C.        Objectives
D.       Purposes
E.        Advantages

28.     What can we imply from the text?
A.       Bioengineering has negative effects
B.       The use of bioengineering is still dilemmatic  or controversial
C.        Bioengineering has more advantages than its disadvantages
D.       It is no useful to use bioengineering
E.        Bioengineering is the best way to produce qualified plants and fruits


Prisons: Continuing Debate

                The current concern with crime and the problems of prisons have helped focus public attention  on the continuing debate about the purpose and effectiveness of prisons.
The proponent of prison institution have four major purposes. These purposes are (1) retribution, (2) incapacitation, (3) deterrence, (4) rehabilitation. Retribution means punishment for crimes against society.Depriving criminals of their crimes is a way of making them pay a debt to society for their crimes. Incapacitation refers to the removal of criminals from society so they can no longer harm innocent. Deterrence means the prevention for the future crime. It is hoped that prisons provide warnings to people thinking about committing crimes, and that the possibility of going to prison will discourage people from breaking the law. Rehabilitation refers to activities designed to change criminals into law-abiding citizens, and may include providing educational course in prison, teaching job skills, an offering counselling with a psychologist or social worker.
However, studies have shown that good rehabilitation programs fail to reform released prisoners. The apparent failure of such programs has led many people to stress imprisonment as punishment rather than as treatment. On the other hand, experts also have failed to prove that prisons reduce the crime rate either by incapacitation offenders or by discouraging people from breaking the law. For this reason, some experts believe that it would be cheaper, more humane, and more productive to all except dangerous productive to keep all except dangerous offenders in community correctional centres rather than in prison.
Considering the reasons above , some courts are experimenting with sentences that allow criminals to remain out prison. Some of these sentences require criminals to replay the victims of their crimes, and others make offenders perform various public services in the community.



29.     The purpose of the text is ...
A.               To continue the dabete
B.               To discuss the purpose and effectiveness of prisons.
C.               To talk about crime in specific
D.               To talk about research on crimes
E.               To discuss how the life in prisons like
30.     The main idea of paragraph two is .....
A.               The main purposes of prison institutions
B.                The function of retribution of a prison
C.               The function of rehabilitation of a prison
D.               The function of deterrence of a prison
E.               The function of incapacitation of a prison
31.     Depriving criminals of their crimes is a way of making them pay a debt to society for their crimes. The underlined word refers to .......
A.               Proponent
B.               Society
C.               Criminals
D.               Citizens
E.               Institutions
32.     Good rehabilitation programs fail to reform released prisoners because ....
A.               It is not effective
B.               They don’t like being treated as prisoners
C.               The programs cannot answer the prisoners needs.
D.               It has not succeeded in encouraging people to do crimes
E.               The prisoners don’t like being isolated


An eclipse is an astronomical event that occurs when one celestial object moves into the shadow of another. The term is most often used to describe either a solar eclipse, when the Moon's shadow crosses the Earth's surface, or a lunar eclipse, when the Moon moves into the shadow of Earth.
Eclipses may occur when the Earth and Moon are aligned with the Sun, and the shadow of one body cast by the Sun falls on the other. So at New Moon (or rather Dark Moon), when the Moon is in conjunction with the Sun, the Moon may pass in front of the Sun as seen from a narrow region on the surface of the Earth and cause a solar eclipse. At Full Moon, when the Moon is in opposition to the Sun, the Moon may pass through the shadow of the Earth, and a lunar eclipse is visible from the night half of the Earth.
An eclipse does not happen at every New or Full Moon, because the plane of the orbit of the Moon around the Earth is tilted with respect to the plane of the orbit of the Earth around the Sun, so as seen from the Earth, when the Moon is nearest to the Sun (New Moon) or at largest distance (Full Moon), the three bodies usually are not exactly on the same line.
33.     What is paragraph 3 about?
A.       The time eclipse occurs
B.       An orbit of the moon.
C.        The process of an eclipse
D.       The time eclipse cannot be seen.
E.        Reason why an eclipse does not happen.

34.     When does a lunar eclipse visible?
A.     When the Moon is in opposition to the Sun.
B.     When the earth is aligned with the sun.
C.     When the Moon is nearest to the Sun.
D.     At the full moon.
E.     At new moon.

35.     What is the purpose of the text?
F.        To describe an eclipse
G.       To inform about an eclipse
H.       To tell about the event of eclipse
I.         To explain how an eclipse happens
J.         To present two points of view on an eclipse

36.     Eclipses may occur when the Earth and Moon are aligned with the Sun.
The underlined phrase means ….
A.       liked
B.       similar
C.        parallel
D.       hidden
E.        covered

Small children seem to learn very quickly, while adults sometimes appear to lose the ability to pick up new subject such as languages, music, games, or computer programs. In this essay, I will discuss whether children or adults make the best learners.
It is undoubtedly true that children seem to learn very quickly. In just a few years, they can learn how to play musical instrument, speak one or even two new languages, and deal with many subjects at school. They even have time for sports and hobbies, and become experts in their favorite pastimes. However, how much of this is social pressure and how much is genetic? I am convinced that while children’s brains have a natural ability to absorb new information as part of their developmental growth, much of their achievement is because of social pressure. Schools force them to take many subjects. Parents force them to practice new sports or to learn music. Even their playmates force them to become better at computer games or to read Harry Potter novels faster. In summary, children may enjoy learning, but their environment also is a big motivating factor.
Adults on the other hand are supposed to be poor learners. However, I disagree with people who say that adults cannot learn quickly. Adults have many skills that compensate for the decline in the ability of the brain to grasp and remember new material. They can build on skills and experiences they know already. Adults usually cannot learn to do ballet or to play to play the violin, but even despite these physical challenges, their motivation can often be higher than a child’s. Unfortunately, society does not encourage many adults to learn. People are busy with families and work, and some adults may feel that further learning is pointless, since they have already achieved many goals at work or in their personal life.
In conclusion, I feel that we cannot generalize about children or adults being better learners. It depends on the situation and the motivation of the person, and the level of enthusiasm he or she has for learning.

37.     Which of the following statements reflects the writer’s opinion?
     A.  children learn new things better than adults
     B.  adults cannot learn new things faster
     C.  both and adults have their own advantages as learners
     D.  both children and adults are poor learners
     E.  environment does not influence learning

38.     What is the writer’s aim in writing the article?
     A.  to describe the learning process in children and adults
     B.  to argue that children and adults learn in different ways
     C.  to persuade the readers to believe that children are fast learners
     D.  to discuss the benefits of social pressure towards children learning
     E.  to compare learning abilities between children and adults

39.     The word ‘pointless’ in the text is closest in meaning to which of the following?
A.               Beneficial
B.               Crucial
C.               Useless
D.               less important
E.               helplless

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